Aluminum air battery: an extended range of 3,000 kilometers for electric vehicles

Can an electric car run for 19 hours in a row, from Toronto to Halifax 1800 km away, without parking for charging? This will theoretically be feasible. Recently, Alcoa Canada and Israel's Phinergy have demonstrated such a battery technology with super endurance to the public in Montreal.

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Aluminum air battery: an extended range of 3,000 kilometers for electric vehicles

Weighing 100 kg, only need to raise water every month

The biggest obstacle to the difficulty of popularizing electric vehicles driven by lithium-ion batteries is the limited mileage. The current endurance is mostly between 135 km (Nissan Leaf) and 480 km (Tesla S-type), unless a large number of fast charging stations are installed. Otherwise, it is not suitable for driving an electric car for long distance travel. Alcoa Canada and Israeli company Phinergy's new 100 kg aluminum air battery stores enough electricity to drive 3,000 kilometers. In contrast, the Tesla Model S has a battery of more than 500 kilograms and a mileage of less than 500 kilometers.

The new battery is not charged from the general grid, but is charged in the melting plant of Alcoa's hydroelectric power station. The fully charged battery is actually a heavy panel made mostly of aluminum. The aluminum plate uses the oxygen absorbed from the air and the water that the user adds to the car to chemically convert the aluminum into alumina, thereby releasing energy and continuously powering the car. The oxidation of aluminum occurs naturally when aluminum is exposed to the air. The surface of the alumina prevents the deep aluminum from continuing to react. The new technology used in the new battery contains an electrolyte that dissolves the surface oxide layer and allows the reaction to continue.

According to Alcoa Canada, cars that use this type of battery still need to keep lithium-ion batteries. The aluminum batteries only start when the lithium battery is exhausted, so it can be used for a long time, and only need to fill the water every month. Usually, after reaching the end of use in a year or so, you can replace the fully charged aluminum battery at the service station.

Using this prototype with an additional battery, it was tested on the Formula 1 circuit in Montreal last week. Phinergy also introduced the new invention at the International Aluminum Conference in Canada on June 4. At present, the inventors are negotiating production agreements with Quebec to try to get this zero-emission vehicle into trial operation as soon as possible.

Aluminum air battery

The aluminum air battery is a metal air battery. As a non-rechargeable battery, it has been available since the 1960s and has a very high energy density.

Since the aluminum anode battery generates hydrogen during the discharge process, it not only causes excessive consumption of the anode material, but also increases the electrical loss inside the battery, thus seriously hindering the commercialization of the aluminum-air battery.

At the 2014 Advanced Automotive Battery Conference in Atlanta, Alcoa and Israel's Phinergy signed a joint development agreement for further research and development of Phinergy aluminum-air batteries.

According to Phinergy, a proprietary production process for metal aluminum anodes has been developed that can increase the energy utilization of metal aluminum and reduce unnecessary chemical reaction energy consumption.

Tesla is also targeting metal air batteries

According to foreign media reports, Tesla Motors Corporation filed a patent application for the "Electric Vehicle Extended Range Hybrid Battery Pack System" on December 8, 2010, which was approved by the US Patent Office on June 25, 2013. The hybrid "extended range hybrid battery system" consists of a standard lithium-ion battery pack and an additional metal-air chemical battery pack. The lithium-ion battery pack supplies power directly to the car, and the metal-air battery pack supplies power to the lithium-ion battery pack.

To become a true mainstream product for electric vehicles, battery technology needs to make a huge leap. At present, there are still three mountains that have short cruising range, long charging time and high battery cost, which means that electric vehicles cannot be civilianized.

In Tesla's patented design, the metal-air battery pack essentially replaced the extended-range internal combustion engine. The Model E that Tesla plans to launch in the future is an electric car product for the general public. Therefore, Tesla needs to compress battery costs to a lower level than it is today.

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