Lighting technology sports lighting design Tongji University Xiao Hui Yu Lihua including the position of the light position to determine the illuminance evaluation glare evaluation and other aspects, made a detailed introduction, and compiled the application software. At the same time, Shanghai 10,000 Stadium as a typical example of peripheral lighting design, calculation and comparison. I hope to gradually optimize the lighting design and application software in practical use to obtain good results and create a comfortable and efficient light environment!
In recent years, with the rapid development of sports, many stadiums have been newly built around the world, such as the Shanghai Olympic Stadium Shanghai Massar Stadium Beijing Shen, a large sports center, etc. They are new multi-functional comprehensive buildings, It is also the best place for the masses to enjoy leisure and entertainment in the opening ceremony of the international sports games, such as the track and field football game, and the large-scale exhibition hall hotel and supporting facilities shopping malls and clubs. When designing the lighting, it should meet the requirements of multi-functional comfort and economy, and consider it comprehensively. Therefore, the outdoor stadiums are mostly coordinated by the surrounding lighting, which is economical and beautiful.
In particular, the characteristics of the lighting methods around the outdoor stadium were analyzed in depth, and the corresponding calculation software was introduced. To achieve good lighting effects, create a comfortable and efficient light environment, and make efforts and contributions to the development of China's lighting industry.
The following are introduced from several aspects: 1 sports lighting for the light environment requires visual activities in the sports are available to the class; athletes spectators venue technical staff referee lineman leader reporter TV film crew and film sports magazines. Classes of people performing activities on site have different requirements for lighting. At the same time, because the venue is versatile, it may be a small competition or a major international competition. When the competitions are different and the speed of movement is different, the illumination standards are different. The higher the speed, the farther the distance, the heavier the visual task, the higher the illumination level. Moreover, the level of illumination depends on a number of factors, such as the athlete's audience and the degree to which the television is easy to observe.
Illumination standard design specifications for domestic sports venues. It is based on China's national visual conditions and the relevant regulations of other countries. Generally include horizontal illumination standards and vertical illumination standards. It is not enough to have a fixed horizontal illuminance value for the site. It should also have an appropriate vertical illuminance value. The vertical illumination in all directions of the sports field can improve the sense of space, allowing the athlete to accurately judge the target, and directly affect the quality of the TV broadcast. At the same time, sports lighting has strict restrictions on glare, and it is required to reduce the surface brightness of the lamp and a certain protection angle to prevent light scattering and cause light pollution.
2 Light source and lighting used in sports lighting The light source used in sports lighting is selected according to the performance requirements and economy of the venue's performance lighting mode. In the peripheral lighting, the commonly used light source is a tungsten halogen lamp metal halide lamp high pressure sodium lamp. China's lighting design standards clearly stipulate that high-intensity gas discharge lamps should be used in high-space places, and tungsten-halogen lamps should be used as little as possible, or should not be used alone. At present, the metal halide lamp is a commonly used light source for stadium lighting, and has many advantages such as high luminous efficiency, long life, good color rendering, variety, small size and the like.
The choice of sports lighting is based on sports and sports building environment, as far as possible to meet the requirements of sports and lighting environment, but also consider the heat-proof, heat-proof, dust-proof and electrical safety of the lamps and their accessories. situation. Generally, outdoor stadium lighting uses large-area floodlights because of the many advantages of flexible light distribution, simple installation and maintenance.
In short, sports lighting design takes into account sports buildings and luminaires, with priority for suitable color temperature and high color rendering. It also uses auxiliary equipment such as ballasts with low energy consumption to reduce the loss of electric energy and achieve energy saving effect.
3 outdoor sports lighting peripheral sports lighting design, in the past is to rely on experience to determine the lighting scheme, and then use the computer to calculate the illumination uniformity uniformity, after repeated revisions, and finally meet the design requirements.
In this paper, the surrounding methods of outdoor sports lighting are based on the following principles: automatic lighting 3 site illumination and illumination uniformity requirements; control of the stadium and auditorium glare requirements; in accordance with the above principles, a large number of lighting examples of the surrounding optical stadium Considering that the outdoor sports buildings have different shapes, the surrounding mouths are indefinitely straight lines. It is assumed that the arc straight line is an arc with a radius of curvature of infinity, which is a special case. When the lights are at the same height, it is assumed that people 0, 18, 2 are any two points on the light band, and amp3 is the starting point of the light band, 1. For the center of the circle, after calculating the center coordinates of Y2, the coordinates of the entire arc can be obtained, and the coordinates of the lamp position are determined separately.
The starting end of the normal light band should exceed the edge of the field. The angle between the starting point of the field and the starting point of the light strip 0 and the horizontal line can be defined as 60 4 as the default value. Of course, it can also be optimized. The coefficients are taken into account. 01 = Pei 13. In fact, the venue is 14 symmetrical, so only consider the cloth on the 12 arcs.
If the number of lamps on the hypothetical arc segment is YES, then 7 7 is defined as the degree of each corresponding centroid angle, that is, the step size, when the arc corresponds to the centroid of the segment.
Then the coordinate position of the first luminaire is Ym=RSinmT+a+Yo, and the coordinates of the lamp position on the peripheral light band are all determined, and the arc is equally divided according to the arc, and the lighting is automatically performed to complete the initial design of the illumination.
1 After selecting the principle of the aiming point, the selection of the aiming point becomes crucial. The selection of the aiming point is carried out according to the following principles: 8 to meet the site technology and lighting requirements; the principle can be achieved by controlling the distance between the aiming points, that is, the equidistant distribution. The principle and principle can be comprehensively considered. The angle between the line of sight and the plane of the field is controlled by several fixed angles, and the horizontal azimuth of the lamp is adjusted to meet the illumination requirement. At the same time, these fixed angles are based on the principle of reducing the glare of the luminaires on the field to the front spectators and referees.
To facilitate control and optimization of the luminaire's light distribution, the center light intensity of all luminaires should be placed on two or more parallel lines parallel to the long axis of the field. These parallel lines are called aiming reference lines. For the peripheral approach, the choice of aiming at the baseline is important. Too many targets are aimed at, the control is too complicated; aiming at too few baselines will cause a decrease in uniformity and vertical illumination is difficult to control. Consider it comprehensively and divide it into six baselines.
The specific choice is to take the two lines of sight on both sides of the site to the edge of the line is 12.
The aiming reference line of each strip takes the strip on the same side, or the strip is taken at intervals. The following factors are mainly considered to contribute to the whole site, that is, the light of some lamps is cast to the adjacent side, and some parts are also Cast to the opposite side; to meet the vertical illumination. Today's large stadiums are all versatile places to use, color TV broadcast is essential, vertical illumination has become an important factor in lighting design considerations, especially the vertical illumination of the main camera should be considered.
Therefore, part of the light is thrown to the adjacent side to meet this requirement. Based on the above considerations, the interval selection bar is aimed at the line of sight of the strip, and the other line of sight is the line of sight of the other strip.
For the light belt cloth, the usual projection method is that the projection direction of the luminaire is substantially perpendicular to the direction of motion, and the glare generated by the main spectator may be large; the other is that the projection lamp uses 45 projection beams, that is, the projection direction of the luminaire. It is roughly 45 with the direction of motion. This method is more comfortable for the eyes and has a strong stereoscopic effect. It is easy to meet the requirements of color TV broadcast, but it will produce greater glare for the forward players.
By analyzing the field and the light that illuminates the moving ball, it is preferable to have cross-illumination of the moving light in all directions, so the starting point of the line of sight should be as close as possible to the vicinity of the goal line. In this way, the horizontal angle of the line of sight is the heart, 3, 2.
In summary, for the general stadium to select six lines of sight, the projection direction angle is different, the site is divided into blocks, and the lighting pattern of the block site is symmetric with its center. Therefore, considering the position of each lamp and the coordinates of the aiming point, the coordinates of the lamps on the remaining blocks can be determined. Set the lamp number from the starting point 0, arrange it to the left in turn, and each aiming point corresponds to each aiming point, then the coordinates of each aiming point can be determined.
After the initial coordinates of the aiming point are determined, after calculation, if the calculation result is not ideal, the coordinates of the aiming point can be adjusted point by point, and repeated several times, until the comparison is made until the reasonable position is adjusted.
3.3 Illumination calculation In the peripheral illumination design, when the coordinates of the lamp position and the coordinates of the aiming point are determined, the coordinates of the calculated point are obtained by grid computing, and then the point-by-point method of the point source is used to calculate the illuminance value of the corresponding point. In the calculation, taking into account the illumination quality indicators such as illuminance and uniformity, the stadium uses the function course to take a 10-meter interval. At the same time, because the venue must meet the requirements of multi-functionality, the design is based on the highest illuminance requirements. In actual use, the lighting control device is used as needed to reduce the light with different lighting schemes, and different illumination values ​​are obtained to meet the requirements of multifunctional lighting.
3.4 Glare evaluation The glare evaluation of the peripheral illumination design uses a typical standard observer position. A total of ten evaluation spectacles indicate the actual glare index, which is compared with the standard glare index to evaluate the degree of glare control.
Ten evaluation observation directions of glare 3.
3.6 Calculation example analysis The Shanghai Wan Stadium is used as a calculation example.
Through the actual calculation of the application software, the calculation results include the illuminance curve of the horizontal illuminance distribution value vertical illuminance distribution value glare index and the evaluation aiming point distribution, which are basically consistent with the measured values. At the same time, using the calculation results, the optimized design can be carried out, and the coordinates of the aiming coordinates of the lamp position are not modified reasonably to obtain a more ideal lighting effect.
Yes, the application software discussed in this article is correct, can be used in sports lighting design, and optimize the design.
Sports lighting design is a highly functional design. The quality of lighting is the main indicator for evaluating sports facilities. The best lighting effect is not only based on the type of sports and sports, but also the athletes to maximize their potential. The referee can work objectively, the audience has good viewing conditions, and TV photography has a good effect. The peripheral lighting design software of this paper has been comprehensively considered, convenient and feasible, and it is hoped that it will be recognized through practical use and continuously improved to obtain the best lighting effect!
1 Yu Lihua, Zhu Tongcheng, edited, turtle gas lighting, Tongji University Press. 2 Japanese Lighting Society, lighting manual translation group translation, lighting manual.
3 State Sports Commission Sports Facilities Standard Management Office, sports facilities building standards.
Tongji University established the Center for Lighting and Visual Research Art. On December 19, 2001, the Center for Lighting and Visual Research Art was held at the School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tongji University. In addition to the leadership of Tongji University, from the University of Tsinghua University, Tianjin University, South China University of Technology Fudan University and China Lighting Association China Lighting Association Shanghai Lighting Association and the Institute of Design Institute of the city and other more than 100 on behalf of the center led by Dr. Hao Luoxi of Tongji University began to build around May this year, received the leadership of the hospital Strong support, costing nearly one million yuan, built a room that can display the lighting effects of lighting effects and basic knowledge of light and color. Dozens of lamps are fixed on the ceiling and floor of the height of the block, and the center of the room is placed. Various evaluation objects, visitors can understand some basic common sense of light and lighting through performance, and can also conduct visual experiments indoors.
At the meeting, Professor Yang Gongxia from Tongji University, Professor Zhan Qingxuan from Tsinghua University, and Dr. Hao Luxi from Tongji University respectively made lighting and our academic report on the 21st century architecture and lighting of the building city, and visited the performance room and performance process.
I have a strong interest in the conference and I wish the Institute to develop more lighting professionals in the lighting industry and explore the unknown areas of lighting and contribute to the society. Journal
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