1.1 light source
(1) Energy-saving lamps: DC energy-saving lamps are the main source of light on solar lamps, but the power limit is more mature below 11W.
Nowadays, manufacturers such as Osram, GE, Philips, etc., which do well in AC energy-saving lamps, do not use DC lamps. Because DC lamps are used in small quantities in China, they are not industrialized at present, so they are all small manufacturers. Do, quality is difficult to guarantee.
(2) LED light source: Although the LED light source is a relatively attractive light source in the future, the current technology is immature, and there are problems such as low light efficiency and heat dissipation.
(3) Induction lamp: Relatively speaking, it has the characteristics of high luminous efficiency and high color rendering, but electromagnetic interference is the biggest problem. If the electrodeless lamp makes breakthrough in electromagnetic interference, the electrodeless lamp should be the best of solar street lamp. light source.
1.2 battery
At present, most of the solar photovoltaic systems are sealed lead-acid batteries, and the best application of sealed lead-acid batteries is not used in solar photovoltaic systems. The reasons are as follows:
(1) The charging of the solar photovoltaic system is unstable. When the continuous rainy weather occurs, the battery is in a deep discharge state, and the discharge depth of the battery is inversely proportional to the life of the battery.
(2) In the solar photovoltaic system, the charge and discharge of the battery are small magnification, which is easy to cause sulfation for the lead-acid battery, so set a function on the solar lamp controller and periodically charge the battery once. The sulphated battery capacity can be restored to the greatest extent possible.
In view of the above situation, the current choice of colloidal batteries is the best choice. Because the gel battery is much stronger than the lead-acid battery in terms of deep discharge capacity and reduced sulfation.
1.4 system connection
In the connection of the various components, the following points should be noted:
(1) The controller and the battery should be as close as possible so that the temperature compensation probe on the controller can stick to the middle of the battery and reduce the line loss. If the line loss is too large, the function control points on the controller will be inaccurate. The battery discharge depth and the charged capacity cannot be guaranteed, and the system cannot be in the normal control state.
(2) Line loss at each connection: the line loss from the light source to the battery, the battery board to the battery should be controlled within 3%, and the loss from the controller to the battery should be controlled within 0.1V.
(3) Welding should be used as much as possible at the joint. For example, the terminal is used, and the wire end is preferably welded to the terminal. Since the screw at the wiring is not tightened and loose, or the connection is poor due to corrosion, rust, etc., even when the circuit breaks, etc., the connection must be secure.
2 soft design of solar lamps
At present, the solar lighting system is basically light-controlled, light-controlled, and time-controlled, so the luminaire should be regarded as a fixed load to design the entire system.
(1) Power consumption Q1=Q/UQ--load power consumption U--system voltage
(2) The current provided by the required photovoltaic cell module I=Q1/(Habcdefg)H--the peak sunshine hours of the project location a--the inverter efficiency (generally 0.9-0.95) b--the battery charge and discharge Time efficiency (generally 0.87 ~ 0.93, here take 0.9) c -- temperature influence coefficient (here taken 0.97) d --- glass aging dust and other effects (here taken 0.95) e --- square array combination loss (taken here 0.97) f --- fixed inclination loss (here 0.96) g --- line loss (here 0.98) The above formula can be approximated as: I = Q1/(0.757H a)
(3) Battery capacity C=(DQ1K)/(UEa)D————Sustainable rainy days Q1―——Loading power consumption hours K————Battery discharge capacity correction coefficient (generally 1.2) U———— Battery discharge depth (generally taken as 0.8) E --- AC distribution circuit efficiency (generally 0.97) a --- Inverter efficiency (generally in 0.9 ~ 0.95) The above formula can also be approximated: C = (1.546DQ1) / a
3 Conclusion
Whether a PV system can operate normally for a long time depends largely on the quality of the system design, and then the specification installation, so that a reasonable design can be properly applied.
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