How to take the road of clean power "purification"?

For our country, clean power must continue to support economic development on the one hand, and on the other hand, it must be alert to the environmental hazards caused by high-carbon resources. Then, what are the urgent problems that need to be solved in the development of new energy and clean energy? How can smart grids serve the development of new and renewable energy sources? How should China's "purified" approach to clean electricity go? It was held in recent days. At the main forum of the China Clean Power Summit 2014 and China International Clean Energy Expo, industry experts and first-tier companies conducted an in-depth interpretation of this.

Guests:

Wei Zhaofeng Full-time Vice Chairman of China Federation of Electric Power Enterprises Zhang Guobao Director of Expert Consultation Committee of National Energy Commission Wu Jing Deputy Director of Development Planning Department of State Grid Corporation of China Huo Guanghuan Deputy General Manager of Dianfu Energy Co., Ltd. Liu Weifang China Datang Group New Energy Shares Ltd. Deputy Chief economist <br> <br> China electric power development into the accelerated phase

Topic I: At present, the energy revolution with clean power development as its main content is being carried out globally. What is the current situation of China's clean energy development and what are the new situations facing it?

Wei Zhaofeng: As of the end of 2013, China’s total power generation scale ranks first in the world. The installed capacity of power generation in the country has reached 1.247 billion kilowatts. In terms of grid size, China surpassed the United States in 2009 and by the end of 2013, China’s 110 kilovolts and above. Transmission lines reached 1.1 million kilometers, while the United States is about 900,000 kilometers; China's electricity consumption has also exceeded the United States, in 2013 China's electricity consumption is 5.3 trillion kwh, the United States is about 4.5 trillion kwh.

While maintaining a relatively fast pace, China’s power industry is facing a new development situation.

First, the external strategic environment for the development of the power industry has changed. The development of China’s national economy has entered a shift period of growth speed, a period of structural adjustment, and the digestion period of previous stimulus policies. Economic and social development has entered a new phase in the construction of an ecological civilization, and energy and power development have thus entered adjustments and changes. period.

Second, the increase in the demand for electricity has entered the shift period. According to the forecast of the China Electric Power Enterprise Association, by 2020, China’s social electricity consumption will reach 810 million kWh, with an average of 5,830 kWh per capita.

Third, the green transformation of the power structure has been accelerated. By the end of 2013, the proportion of coal installed capacity in China's total installed capacity has dropped below 70%, and the installed capacity of clean energy for hydropower, wind power, nuclear power, solar power, and gas power generation is 461 million kilowatts, accounting for 37% of the total. The amount of 1.4 trillion kwh, accounting for 26%. With the rapid development of the national economy and the requirements of the external environment such as the construction of ecological civilization, the proportion of coal-fired power installed capacity will continue to decline.

Fourth, the requirements for energy saving and emission reduction of electric power have become increasingly stringent In recent years, according to the national deployment, the power industry has increased its efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction. In 2013, the coal consumption for power supply reached 321 grams per kilowatt-hour, achieving the goals set forth in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” ahead of schedule, fine particles, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Emissions continue to decline. However, in the current situation of severe haze situation, in the face of public pressure and the country's increasingly stringent energy-saving emission reduction requirements in front of the power industry, the pressure of energy-saving emission reduction continues to increase.

The fifth is to speed up the adjustment of the layout of power development. From the perspective of layout, the construction of the southwest hydropower base has accelerated, and the large-scale coal-fired power base has accelerated its transfer to the coal bases in the west and north. The concentrated development of wind power and solar power has been concentrated in the “Three North” region, and nuclear power has radiated from the coast to the inland. Energy power generation and natural gas power generation are mainly located in the power demand center. The change in the spatial layout requires the rapid expansion of the allocation of power resources. Objectively, it is also necessary to speed up the construction of the UHV power grid to optimize the allocation of power resources.

Huo Guanghao: I think that we should encourage the development of clean energy and try every means to accelerate development, mainly based on three reasons. First, the situation is forced. According to the country’s commitment to global emissions reduction, there is still a large gap between China’s clean energy installed capacity requirements. Therefore, the national energy structure adjustment and economic transformation urgently need to accelerate the development of clean energy. Second, development has added confidence. China's hydropower installed capacity has reached 280 million kilowatts, 30 million kilowatts was added last year, and global wind power installed capacity is 320 million kilowatts. China's wind power grid connection has reached 75 million kilowatts, and the installed capacity has exceeded 90 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world for several years in a row. Third, the system and mechanism issues are expected to speed up the solution. At present, the construction of the National Grid transmission channel has been initiated. The 12 West-to-East power transmission channels for key planning have been clearly established and completed. The number of utilization hours last year has increased by 184 hours from the previous year.

Regional development differences difficult to be solved

Topic 2: In 2011, there was a severe shortage of electricity for a long time and a long time across the country. The electricity shortage in the year continued from the beginning of the year to fall, and power shortages occurred in various provinces in East China and Central China. However, in some of the major provinces of clean energy in the western and northern regions, there have been frequent discontinuations. This contradiction has always existed. What do you think of this?

Wu Jing: The imbalance in regional development and the lack of power transmission lines have always been concerns of the industry. First of all, most of China’s wind power is in the “Three North” region. Several of the large-scale wind power bases already account for 50% of the country’s wind power generation. However, the electricity consumption in these regions only accounts for 10% of the country’s electricity consumption. %, we can see that the local market space is limited. Secondly, the “Three North” region is dominated by thermal power and peak capacity adjustment is limited. Under the current situation of inter-provincial trans-regional grids without approval, the issue of power consumption is facing. In addition, from the perspective of last year, the growth of solar photovoltaic was mainly in the photovoltaic power stations in the west, and the growth rate was very fast. However, this year, the country has put forward higher requirements for the development of distributed power, which has become a arduous task in the country.

Zhang Guobao: Actually, the unbalanced development of clean energy power is mainly related to power transmission and transformation. Taking wind power as an example, the main reason for the unbalanced development of wind power is that a large amount of wind power is not transmitted. Why is it not transmitted? Because there is no power transmission and transformation, why is there no power transmission? Because the power transmission and transformation plan has not been approved. Why did you not approve? Because the relevant departments still remain in the controversy over whether or not to engage in UHV power grids. In my opinion, if we can adjust the price appropriately and reduce the price of wind power further, the competitiveness of wind power will be stronger. However, the key is not to simply lower the price, but to use it in conjunction with related policies to create a “combination boxing.” For example, in the face of the current 15%-20% of the repeal of wind, can we introduce relevant policies and purchase full-price power supply?

Another example is hydropower, Xiluodu-Xianjiaba, which was put into production last year. The eight units that were put into production last year did not have all the means to transmit them. Why? Because Xiluodu was planned to be the right bank and the left bank, one of them was sent to East China and the other to Yunnan and China Southern Power Grid. The construction and approval of these two lines were delayed compared to the original plan. The unit was put into operation, but it lost. The substation line was not completed. Therefore, Xiluodu to Xiangjiaba opened a temporary line to transport part of the upstream tributaries that had been built in Shanghai to Xijiaba, and then abandoned part of it. This resulted in Xiluodu-Xiangjiaba hydropower station. Can not be full, full delivery, resulting in a lot of waste of clean energy power.

Liu Weifang: The issue of wind abandonment in the “Three North” region is serious. However, isn't it just as long as a UHV power grid has been built in a low-density energy area? The problem has been solved. Although I also hope to establish such a "highway," I think some real problems are even more worth considering. The "Three North" region is the main battlefield of China's wind energy resources. If we open up this main battlefield of energy and engage in large-scale development in places where there is no electricity, we must not only pay a high price, and the lack of wind power in these regions may not necessarily succeed. I believe that the key to solving the problem is to maintain the balance between “sending” and “supply” at both ends of the grid, and to find ways to stimulate the electricity market in regions rich in wind and light energy, so that cheap electricity prices “impress” residents and make them willing to give up. Or reduce the use of coal-fired power and use clean energy instead.

The introduction of social capital to strengthen policy control Topic 3: The problem of unbalanced development of electricity in the development of clean energy is a reality that must be faced. How to solve this problem? Is it feasible to develop large amounts of distributed energy?

Huo Guanghao: Distributed energy is indeed very promising, but there are still several problems: First, market issues. Distributed energy sources are facing millions of households. How exactly does this electricity charge need to be studied? Second, investment risk issues. In the face of millions of households that are able to supply energy, the sustainability of future survival needs to be considered. Third, at present, the scale of distributed energy investment is relatively small, but the preliminary work is very complicated. As a central SOE, we think that independent development may not be appropriate. Instead, we can explore a new model, that is, private enterprises to develop, and central enterprises to acquire, Later operations can also explore an optimal cooperation model.

Wu Jing: According to our forecast, in the future, the central and eastern regions will be the major load centers in China. The power supply problem in this region must be resolved. The State clearly stated in the Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution that it is necessary to strictly limit the reconstruction of thermal power stations in the central and eastern regions. How can power supply be guaranteed? From the perspective of China’s electricity supply, the dominant position of coal power cannot be changed within a short time, so we hope that the country Consider building coal-fired power plants in coal-rich areas such as Shaanxi, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia, vigorously developing wind power resources in Inner Mongolia, and increasing photovoltaic power generation in the northwestern region, and eventually bundling clean power generated by fossil energy and non-fossil energy bases. "Transported to the central and eastern regions, replacing electricity with coal in the central and eastern regions, and using electricity as substitutes for electricity, is good at using peak power at night for energy storage. This is a balanced solution."

Wei Zhaofeng: Based on the resource endowment characteristics of China's clean energy, and taking into consideration the needs of the development of markets, capital, technology, and environmental protection, taking into account the objective requirements of regional balanced development, I believe that the following principles should be adhered to for the development of clean energy:

One is to give priority to the development of hydropower. Hydropower is a green power with mature technology and low cost. It is safe, economical and flexible. It should be placed in a strategic position of priority development.

The second is to optimize the development of coal power. We attach great importance to the green development of coal power generation, promote integrated development of coal and electricity, speed up the construction of large-scale coal and electricity bases, encourage the development of cogeneration, vigorously promote clean coal power generation technologies, and optimize the distribution of coal and electricity.

The third is to actively and orderly develop new energy sources such as wind power and solar power. This is a strategic choice to solve China's future energy demand. We must achieve an active, orderly and efficient development on the basis of coordinating the national policy subsidy capability, the affordability of the entire society's electricity price, the power system absorption capacity, and the resource conditions.

The fourth is the safe and efficient development of nuclear power. The high economic efficiency of nuclear power is a strategic choice for solving China's energy and power needs. Advanced nuclear safety technology must be used to establish sound nuclear safety standards, a direct security system, and a nuclear safety culture system.

Fifth, efficient development of natural gas power generation. The State Council issued in last year's Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution proposes that the use of natural gas should be optimized, new natural gas should be given priority to protect the lives of residents or be used as a substitute for burning coal, and the development of natural gas distributed energy should be encouraged and developed in an orderly manner. Natural gas regulation power station.

Sixth, vigorously promote the construction of smart grids, especially the construction of UHV power grids, promote the intensive development and efficient use of large-scale energy bases, and at the same time pay more attention to the intelligentization of urban power distribution networks, and strengthen the superconducting technology, fence technology, etc. Scientific research efforts to achieve a good interaction between electricity and users.

Topic IV: This year's government work report proposes to increase the proportion of non-fossil fuel power generation, develop smart grids and distributed energy, encourage the development of wind energy, solar energy, start a batch of hydropower and nuclear power projects, and strengthen natural gas, coalbed methane, shale gas Exploration and mining applications. At present, what policy space can be followed in clean energy power generation?

Wei Zhaofeng: According to the research report of China Electricity Council, by 2020, with the support of electricity price subsidies and related support policies, the installed capacity of clean energy will reach 810 million kilowatts, accounting for 41% of the total installed capacity; By 2030, the installed capacity of clean energy power generation in the country will reach 1.52 billion kilowatts, accounting for 50%; after 2030, China will no longer build new coal-fired electric fields. By 2050, the installed capacity of clean energy power generation in the country will reach 2.48 billion kilowatts. Accounting for 62%.

There are still some urgent problems to be solved in the development of clean energy. For example, the development strategy, the development path is not clear, there is no overall planning and rigid planning constraints, the subsidy mechanism for the price is not reasonable, the development mechanism is not perfect, and the fiscal and taxation support policies are not perfect. , The relative investment in technology research and development is insufficient, and the technological innovation capability needs to be improved. Here, I propose four suggestions:

The first is to study the overall strategy and development goals for clean energy development. It is suggested that the concept of clean energy and the type of energy to be protected should be clarified as soon as possible from the national level, and census and scientific demonstration of clean energy resources should be strengthened to clarify the strategic positioning and significance of clean energy power generation, and to propose the development goals and strategic paths for the development of clean energy.

The second is to formulate a development plan for the release of clean energy. Under the guidance of the Clean Energy Development Strategy, we will conduct in-depth planning research on clean energy development, openly, democratically, and widely solicit opinions, be approved and issued by authoritative departments, strengthen the convergence of planning and projects, and use programs to guide projects and improve the seriousness of planning. To ensure that the plan is implemented.

The third is to formulate a unified clean energy industry policy and fiscal and taxation policies. To adjust the tariff subsidy mechanism for wind power and solar power generation; to improve the subsidy mechanism for natural gas power price; to guarantee a reasonable return for natural gas power generation projects; to speed up the establishment of tariffs for peaking and frequency regulation, and to improve the cost compensation mechanism for grid peaking and frequency modulation auxiliary services; Appropriation, establishment of donation mechanism, promotion of green electricity trading mechanism; development of tax incentives for clean energy industry, steady introduction of resource taxes, environmental taxes, and carbon taxes; promotion of standardization of clean energy generation, encouragement of financial institutions for clean energy generation projects Financing support.

Fourth, establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism and a major accountability mechanism. Clean energy development involves energy, electricity, price, environmental protection, science and technology, equipment, finance, and other industrial sectors. It involves a number of ministries and commissions of the country. In the specific work, relevant ministries and commissions need to do a lot of communication work, and it is recommended that the national energy authorities take the lead. Establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the development of clean energy and strengthen the supervision and management of the coordination mechanism.