1. When the rotor's acceleration is slower than the rotating magnetic field of the stepper motor, it means the motor is operating below its commutation speed. This typically happens when the input power is insufficient, and the synchronizing torque generated by the motor cannot keep up with the stator's magnetic field rotation. As a result, the motor loses step. Any frequency higher than this critical point will cause a loss of synchronization. This phenomenon indicates that the motor's holding torque is not sufficient. However, by reducing the load or increasing the current in the winding, the motor can regain proper operation.
2. In some cases, the average speed of the rotor may exceed the average rotational speed of the stator's magnetic field. This occurs when the stator remains energized for a longer time than necessary, allowing the rotor to accumulate excessive energy during each step. This extra energy can lead to oscillations, causing the rotor to swing back and forth. If these oscillations become too severe, they can result in a loss of synchronization. To prevent this, it's important to maintain an appropriate balance between the motor's speed, load, and excitation current.
Understanding these conditions helps in optimizing the performance of stepper motors in various applications. Proper control of the input power, load management, and tuning of the motor’s parameters are essential to ensure smooth and accurate operation. Whether used in industrial automation, robotics, or consumer electronics, maintaining the correct operational range is key to avoiding step loss and ensuring reliable performance over time.
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