With the increasing automation across various industries, the demand for advanced technology has grown significantly. This has led to stricter requirements in the selection of field instruments. Proper and rational selection of on-site instruments not only reduces the likelihood of instrument failure but also enhances the safety of chemical production and improves the economic efficiency of construction companies. Therefore, choosing the right field instruments plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth and safe operations.
Automated instruments can generally be categorized into four main groups: instrumentation, display instruments, control instruments, and actuators. Among these, instrumentation and actuators are essential components of an automation system and are vital to its proper functioning. Their importance cannot be overstated, as improper selection directly affects the stability and safety of chemical processes. Avoiding common misunderstandings during the selection process is therefore critical.
Field instruments are typically divided into two categories: measuring instruments and actuators. Measuring instruments include temperature, pressure, flow, level, and component analysis devices, while actuators consist of pneumatic, electro-pneumatic, valve positioners, and electric actuators. Each type of instrument can be classified based on its measurement principle.
Flow meters, as the name suggests, are used to measure fluid flow. Flow measurement is a key aspect of material quality change, and understanding this relationship is fundamental to many industrial processes. Flow, along with pressure and temperature, is considered one of the three primary parameters in energy conversion measurements. Knowing these three values allows for accurate calculation of the energy contained within a fluid. These parameters must be measured during energy conversion, making flow measurement a central part of many industrial applications.
When selecting flow meters, several common misconceptions often arise. One is the belief that imported instruments are always superior. However, in practice, domestically produced flow meters are often more cost-effective, especially when considering long-term maintenance and support. Another misconception is that higher-priced instruments are always better, which is not necessarily true—cost does not always equate to performance.
Some people blindly trust a particular manufacturer, not realizing that no single company can produce all types of flow meters. Choosing a flow meter without considering its suitability for the application is another mistake. Similarly, relying solely on pipeline size or ignoring the media being measured can lead to inaccurate readings. It's also important to follow installation guidelines and set up parameters correctly after installation. Neglecting regular maintenance can reduce accuracy and increase the risk of failure.
Pressure gauges are widely used in chemical, petrochemical, and other industrial settings. They are essential for monitoring and controlling pressure, much like the human eye in a production process. When selecting pressure gauges, it's important to consider the medium being measured. Using a standard gauge for corrosive substances can lead to rapid failure. Choosing the correct range is also critical to ensure accurate readings and prevent damage from overpressure.
Frequency converters are used to adjust the frequency of electrical power, offering benefits such as energy savings, soft starting, and precise speed control. However, it's a common mistake to assume that using a frequency converter will always save power. The actual energy savings depend on the type of load it drives. For example, fans and pumps benefit greatly, while constant power or torque loads may not see significant savings.
Cryogenic valves are used in low-temperature environments and are essential in industries like petrochemicals and natural gas. Proper selection involves not just material choice, but also cryogenic treatment to ensure reliability and prevent issues like valve jamming. Ignoring the properties of the medium being handled can result in leaks or structural failures.
In addition to selection errors, there are common mistakes during installation. For instance, using bolts that are too long, not isolating control valves properly, or failing to install pressure gauges can lead to operational problems. Ensuring sufficient space for maintenance and planning for future disassembly are also important considerations.
Overall, with the advancement of automation technology, the need for accurate, reliable, and intelligent field instruments is greater than ever. Careful selection and proper installation are essential to avoid costly mistakes and ensure efficient operation.
OLED is organic light-emitting diode (D1de), which has the characteristics of self illumination, high brightness, wide viewing angle, high contrast, flexibility, low energy consumption and so on. Therefore, it has been widely concerned. As a new generation of display mode, it has gradually replaced the traditional liquid crystal display, and is widely used in mobile phone screen, computer display, full-color TV and so on. OLED display technology is different from traditional liquid crystal display technology. It does not need backlight. It uses very thin organic material coating and glass substrate. When there is current passing through, these organic materials will emit light. However, as organic materials are easy to react with water vapor or oxygen, OLED displays have high requirements for packaging.
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