**Project Background and Feasibility Analysis**
The project is titled "FPGA-Based Firewall System Design." The main objective is to develop a hardware-based firewall system using an FPGA platform, capable of parsing and filtering both incoming and outgoing network traffic. The system is currently in the early stages of overall design and demonstration, with a focus on implementing core firewall functionalities.
This project leverages several key technologies, including parallel computing, stateful inspection, Content Addressable Memory (CAM), rule matching, and embedded PowerPC systems. One of the major innovations is the migration of traditional software-based firewall logic into a hardware environment using FPGA. This approach allows for better performance, lower latency, and more efficient data processing by taking full advantage of the parallelism and reconfigurability of FPGAs.
In terms of technical maturity and reliability, FPGAs are considered a critical step in the development of ASIC-based firewalls. Compared to network processors or dedicated ASICs, FPGAs offer greater flexibility and faster development cycles. An FPGA-based firewall system can be designed with a highly flexible and efficient architecture, allowing developers to define custom data paths, cache units, processing units, memory buses, and bus arbitration mechanisms. This results in optimized performance and high-speed packet processing.
One of the key advantages of an FPGA-based system is its ability to process data at line speed. Since data flows continuously through the chip, multiple processing units can perform analysis, filtering, and modification in parallel, ensuring minimal delay. Additionally, the system can be upgraded over time by updating the FPGA configuration, allowing users to benefit from new security features without replacing the entire hardware.
The system also offers significant cost savings due to its compact design. All functions are integrated on a single chip, reducing the need for complex motherboard controllers and buses. By embedding a PowerPC hard core within the FPGA, the system achieves even higher performance and efficiency.
**Project Implementation Plan**
1. **Basic Functional Block Diagram and Program Description**
The proposed solution adopts a two-layer hierarchical structure, consisting of FPGA hardware logic and an embedded system. As shown in Figure 1, the FPGA handles data transmission, classification based on the five-tuple (protocol type, source/destination IP address, and port numbers), pattern matching, and encapsulation. The embedded system manages intrusion detection, attack response, rule management, and data forwarding.
2. **Required Development Platform**
The development will be carried out on the Advanced Board - Virtex-2 Pro. This platform provides the necessary resources, including an FPGA, PowerPC, dual network ports (one on the development board and one on an expansion card), and SRAM. Additional tools such as download and debugging interfaces are also required to support the development and testing process.
3. **Modules to Be Developed**
Key modules include the hardware logic for packet classification, rule matching, and data encapsulation, as well as the embedded system for intrusion detection and rule management. These modules are described in detail in Figures 1 and 2.
4. **Final Performance Indicators**
The goal is to implement a functional firewall system that can efficiently filter and secure network traffic. The system should meet industry standards for speed, reliability, and security.
5. **Additional Resources Needed**
- **Design Input/Output Daughter Board**: A network expansion board with RJ45 interface, expected to be available in October 2007.
- **Test Equipment**: Multimeter, oscilloscope, spectrum analyzer, and logic analyzer.
- **Software Tools**: Simulation and development tools such as ModelSim, Xilinx ISE, and Sinffer.
Overall, this project aims to deliver a high-performance, flexible, and scalable firewall solution that combines the power of FPGA hardware with the intelligence of embedded systems, offering a robust defense against network threats.
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