It is reported that China is expected to introduce a timetable for eliminating incandescent lamps, impose a consumption tax on incandescent products, and provide policy support to the energy-saving lamp industry to achieve the policy goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
At the same time, many EU countries have already reached an agreement to gradually replace the old-fashioned incandescent bulbs with high energy consumption with energy-saving fluorescent lamps. This means that the future replacement of incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps will become an international trend, and China's energy-saving lamps are expected to usher in a rapid market, and listed companies with LED energy-saving lamps will benefit significantly.
Elimination of incandescent lights
Although the promotion policy of energy-saving lamps in China has been implemented, the specific timetable for the elimination of incandescent lamps in the industry has not been clearly announced. Earlier, the National People's Congress's law enforcement inspection energy-saving report clearly recommended that the State Council introduce a timetable for the elimination of incandescent lamps as soon as possible to improve the elimination of incandescent lamps.
According to industry insiders, as early as 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) signed the “China Phased Elimination of Incandescent Lamps and Accelerated Promotion of Energy-Saving Lamps†project, and plans to phase out incandescent lamps within three years. .
Analysts expect that if the timetable for eliminating incandescent lamps is determined, it will surely provide more policies to promote energy-saving lamps. It is understood that China has implemented green lighting projects since 1996. In 2008, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance subsidized the promotion of high-efficiency lighting products, and subsidized 30% and 50% respectively for large-scale users and urban and rural residents to purchase energy-saving lamps.
The industry expects that in the future, the promotion of energy-saving lamps instead of incandescent lamps will increase the tax control policies with mandatory colors, such as the consumption tax on incandescent lamps. With the adjustment of tax instruments, the elimination of incandescent lamps will be no less than the elimination of backward production capacity at the beginning of this year.
In addition, the European Union announced that it will phase out high-energy lighting equipment such as incandescent lamps in four years, and replacing incandescent lamps with energy-saving lamps, halogen bulbs and LED lamps has become the main lighting for European residents.
LED light plate enjoys good
Data show that in 2009, China's incandescent lamp output was 3.76 billion, accounting for about one-third of global production, and the current national incandescent lamp consumption is as high as 1.4 billion. This means that in the next few years, the existing market share of incandescent lamps will gradually be replaced by energy-saving lamps. The listed companies that focus on incandescent lamps will also face a situation in which business volume continues to decline.
Among the energy-saving lamps, LED products have the technical advantages of energy saving, environmental protection, longevity, controllability, etc., which save more than 60% of electricity compared with traditional lighting products, and have a long life of 5-10 years. LEDs are also expected to show their talents in the field of lighting. However, due to the high price of LED bulbs, the pace of its promotion has been slow. This is also the main reason why the government subsidizes the purchase of energy-saving lamps.
In the future, in the process of “enjoy the roomâ€, the products with high technology, low cost and high cost performance will take the lead in seizing the market share.
Reflected in the capital market, Zhejiang Sunshine (600261) won the first prize of 7 packages in the “Efficient Lighting Product Promotion Project†bidding in 2010, and the remaining two packages ranked second and third respectively. It is expected to form a product pattern of high-end energy-saving lamps, LED lamps and lamps, high-power fluorescent lamps and lamps, break the growth bottleneck and significantly upgrade the product structure, LED ratio is expected to reach more than 40%. In addition, Sanan Optoelectronics (600703), as a leading enterprise in China's LED industry, is in a leading position in LED epitaxial wafer and LED chip manufacturing. The company has received financial subsidies for many times this year.
A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice. It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat. The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat. Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose. Cooking rice has traditionally required constant attention to ensure the rice was cooked properly, and not burnt. Electric rice cookers automate the process by mechanically or electronically controlling heat and timing, thus freeing up a heating element on the cooking range that had to be otherwise occupied for rice cooking. Although the rice cooker does not necessarily speed up the cooking process, with an electric rice cooker the cook's involvement in cooking rice is reduced to simply measuring the rice, preparing the rice properly and using the correct amount of water. Once the rice cooker is set to cook, the rice will be cooked with no further attention.
Features:
For modern home rice cookers, the smallest single-person model cooks 1 rice cup (180 ml), whereas large models can cook 10 cups. Commercial models can cook 20 or more cups. As a possible source of confusion, model specifications and names may list either cooked or uncooked capacity. Rice roughly doubles in size during cooking; therefore, a 10 cup (uncooked) rice cooker can produce up to 20 cups of cooked rice. The prices vary greatly, depending on the capacity, features, materials used, and the country of origin.
The majority of modern electric rice cookers are equipped with a stay-warm or keep-warm feature, which keeps the rice at an optimal temperature for serving without over-cooking it. Some gas cookers also have electric stay-warm mechanism. However, the usefulness of this feature degrades over time, a microwave may be more energy efficient or better suited to reheat rice that will sit longer than four hours.
Some rice cookers use induction heating, with one or more induction heaters directly warming the pot. This can improve energy efficiency.
Most modern rice cookers use aluminium for the inner cooking bowl. There are some models that use stainless steel instead of aluminium. Various other materials, such as copper, pure carbon, ceramic, and diamond powder coating, may be used for higher heat conductivity or better taste.
The pressure-cooking models can raise the water's boiling point higher, e.g., from 100 °C at 1.0 atm up to about 110 °C at 1.4 atm, which speeds cooking. The pressure-cooking models can also be used in high altitude areas, where the boiling temperature is below 100 Celsius. Pressure cookers are also suitable for cooking brown rice (which contains oils and bran fiber that cook differently from pure white rice starch). Some pressure rice cookers have a varying pressure control mechanism (named the "dual-pressure" method) that creates repeated pressure/release cycles during the cooking.
There also exist mechanisms to collect and return the boiled over liquid to the inner rice bowl.
Many cookers now have microprocessor-controlled cooking cycles, which are often used to adjust for rice and cooking type.
Applications
Rice cookers are typically used for the preparation of plain or lightly seasoned rice. Each rice cooker model may be optimized to cook a certain type of rice best. For example, most Japanese rice cookers are optimized for cooking Japanese rice and may not be the best for other types of rice[citation needed], although cooking time can be lengthened simply by more water.
The typical method of cooking long grain rice is boil-and-strain and/or steaming method. The absorption method used in Japanese rice cookers will produce slightly different texture and taste, usually stickier rice.
Brown rice generally needs longer cooking times than white rice, unless it is broken or flourblasted (which perforates the bran).
Different varieties of rice need different cooking times, depending on their grain size, grain shape, and grain composition. There are three main types of Asian rice: Oryza sativa subsp. indica, i.e., Indian rice (long grain rice, e.g., basmati rice and Thai jasmine rice), O. sativa subsp. javanica, i.e., Java rice (large grain rice) and O. sativa subsp. japonica, i.e., Japanese rice (medium grain rice, e.g., Calrose rice, short grain rice, e.g., most Japanese rice and risotto rice).
African rice, Oryza glaberrima, is an entirely separate species, but can be cooked in the same way. Zizania is not even in the same genus, although it is often called a rice (or "water oats"); it, too, can also be cooked in a rice cooker.
A rice cooker can be used to cook many boiled or steamed granular foods, such as pot barley, bulgar wheat, and dal. Provided the ingredients have similar cooking times, a rice cooker can cook mixtures such as khichdi. Some rice cookers can be used as automated couscoussiers, cooking couscous and a stew simultaneously.
Rice Cooker
Rice Cooker,Drum Rice Cooker,Deluxe Rice Cooker,Straight Rice Cooker
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