LCD and OLED are two completely different display technologies and are widely used in smart phones and flat-panel TVs. In addition, there are old technologies such as plasma that once existed in the television field, but they have gradually disappeared. Most users can only choose between these two kinds of display panel products. If you do not know how to choose, then this article will tell you some basic knowledge, and tell you the difference between LCD and OLED, and tell you How to pursue a balance between demand and budget.
LCD display
The entire LCD is called Liquid Crystal Display and creates various colors based on white light passing through the color filter. After the white light passes through, basic colors such as red, green, and blue are formed, and the light rate of each pixel is controlled by the current, thereby controlling the color of the pixel.
In the LCD display, it is very difficult to completely cover the white display black, and there will always be some light leakage phenomenon, and this is why it cannot be really black on most of the night view screens. s reason.
Passive and active matrix
The LCD display has been used since the 1980s and was first used on "laptops." These screens have a "matrix" array of pixels and are divided into active and passive matrices. The active matrix technology is more advanced and allows finer control and faster switching than passive matrix. The active matrix technology was introduced for the first time using the TFT affinity matrix screen, but later there were more variant technologies, but they were all basically the same working principle and the costs continued to decrease.
LCD backlight
All LCD displays require some form of white backlighting, and backlight technology continues to improve over time. The purpose of the backlight is higher brightness, more uniform illumination, and smaller, thinner, and lighter displays.
The LCD screen originally used CCFL backlighting, but it has now been changed to LED backlighting. In addition, some liquid crystal displays have not only used white backlights, but have even achieved some more difficult purposes through the combination of LED backlights of certain colors and white light.
Although the backlights come from the liquid crystal layer, most of the LED backlight sources come from the edge of the screen, usually at the border, and this design can make the screen thinner and flatter.
TV products generally do not have such a high requirement for thickness, and therefore the overall uniform backlighting method is also used, and such light can be more uniform, and backlight adjustment can also be performed for a part.
LCD IPS and PLS
The full name of the IPS is In-Plane Switching (also called Super TFT), which is a variant of the LCD display. IPS can provide better color accuracy and a wider viewing angle. Ordinary LCD displays usually show the best fresh fruit only in front of the screen.
The IPS can completely reproduce the color effect within 178 degrees without any influence. This is why most touch devices now use IPS displays. That's right, traditional LCD screens have strange effects when they are pressed with fingers. I believe everyone has had a similar experience.
At the same time, the IPS technology itself has more improved versions, including Super-IPS (S-IPS), Advanced Super IPS (AS-IPS), and IPS-Pro, although not all IPS panels have the best results. Overall, IPS is better than traditional LCD panels.
PLS (Plane Line Switching) is a technology similar to IPS and is a patent of Samsung. Samsung said that this kind of screen has better brightness and more efficient production costs, but it is still uncertain, because the absolute leader of the IPS display on the market is LG.
LCD+ Quantum Dots
Quantum dots are a technique that can improve the color and color tone of LCD displays. Semiconductor nanocrystals can absorb specific spectra, which usually depends on their size. This property can be used/create better colors such as red, green, and blue, which will give the user more saturated colors.
Quantum dot technology has recently been hotly sought after by the market, and even has the strength and OLED this latest technology Pimen. However, quantum dot technology currently exists only in high-end LCD TVs, but it is believed that it will gradually become popular over time.
OLED screen
OLED full name Organic Light Emitting Diodes, each pixel itself will emit light without the need for a separate backlight or color filter. And each OLED pixel can be assigned three colors of red, green and blue, and now there are manufacturers adding yellow, but the principle is the same.
Due to the special properties of OLEDs, it is not necessary to cover the light source like the LCD when displaying black, and only the pixels need to be extinguished to not emit light. This is why OLED displays can bring true "black". OLED's black color is very deep, and its contrast is extremely high. At the same time, it can even produce amazing effects when compared with elements such as white.
OLED technology first appeared in the laboratory in 1987, and has now become a very popular technology in the field of smart phones. Because OLED screens are one layer less than LCD screens, one-time thickness control is even thinner, and this is especially important for mobile devices. For TV products, whether to choose OLED products depends on the user's preferences. However, we believe that the slimness of OLEDs is not a decisive advantage for LCD TVs.
One-to-one comparison
Due to the difference in basic properties, we can look at the direct comparison between two different principles of imaging technology, giving users a more intuitive experience.
Black level: OLED wins
The black level refers to the extent to which the screen can show "black" when displaying the darkest color. Since technologies such as LCD, DLP, or projection rely on filtering or blocking white light, it is very difficult to display true black. In fact, it can be said that the LCD screen cannot bring true black at all. After all, the shielding effect is no better, or there will be some light leakage. On the other hand, due to the principle of self-luminescence, OLEDs can bring true black by turning off the lighting mechanism.
Contrast: OLED wins
Contrast refers to the difference between the brightest white and the darkest black, while the LCD has an advantage in brightness (especially in HDR mode), while the OLED has the darkest black. In general, OLED displays generally have higher contrast because the advantage of the black level will amplify the difference.
Perspective: OLED wins
Perhaps the best IPS screens are comparable to OLED screens, but most LCD screens are not as good as IPS (especially TVs and smart phones), so in addition to the top IPS screens, Compared with OLEDs, LCD panels have slightly inferior viewing angle performance. In front of OLED TVs, whether the audience is sitting at that angle, they can see the content on the screen with high quality.
Color gamut: OLED wins
From the aspect of paper parameters, the advantage of OLED in color gamut is not obvious, mainly because the LCD panel now introduces quantum dot technology. Basically the best LG OLED TVs and Samsung's top quantum dot LCD TVs are comparable in color gamut performance.
But usually only the best LCD TVs are comparable to OLED TVs, so overall the color gamut is better than OLEDs.
Brightness level: LCD wins
Since LCD TVs typically use separate backlighting, they generally provide better brightness. In reality, the best LCDs and OLEDs have a difference of about 400 NIT in brightness. Overall, LCDs are superior in brightness level. You know, higher brightness will make the screen have better visual effects outdoors or in the daytime room.
HDR
HDR mode can increase the brightness by 1000 to 10000 NIT, and the HDR-enabled OLED TV can match the brightness of the LCD TV at this time. However, some Sony LCD TVs can increase the brightness to 1000 to 1300 NIT, so overall, the brightness of LCD TVs is higher.
Color uniformity: OLED wins
Whether it is possible to display various colors on a single plane in a uniform manner is a very important indicator. Because the backlight of the LCD screen usually comes from the edge, it is more general in terms of illumination uniformity. If the backlight can be evenly dispersed behind the screen, the discrete backlight can bring better results.
On the other hand, OLEDs have to perform much better in this respect. Since each pixel can emit light on its own, no light source diffusion is required. In real life, even if the OLED display is not completely unified, there is even a flexible OLED, but overall it is still better than LCD.
Power consumption: LCD wins
At the same brightness level, the LCD consumes less energy than the OLED. This is a problem we have to face. For mobile devices, higher brightness means better visibility outdoors, and products like TVs need only have enough brightness during the day.
On the other hand, the power consumption of the OLED panel depends on how many pixels there are, so the OLED screen with higher resolution consumes more power.
Cost efficiency: LCD wins
Currently, LCD is the lowest cost display method, but OLED technology is continuously optimized with continuous progress and time. It is unclear how much the specific cost rate is, but in the future, OLED technology will continue to improve. Ultimately, it will continue to be optimized and reduced in cost, and it will eventually rival the LCD.
Summary: OLED is the best, but it needs development
In general, OLED has won a lot in the parameter comparison of image quality, so the future can be said to be a development trend of future display technologies. However, OLEDs are still limited by the cost of production, and the size has also encountered a bottleneck. Unless you have special requirements on the specific parameter of brightness, OLED will be stronger than LCD on most display parameters.
However, the cost is also an aspect that has to be considered. Smartphones are fine. If a large-sized display device is like a TV, the price of OLED is almost several times that of LCD. So how to choose depends on your wallet.
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