**Determination of COD in Landfill Leachate by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry**
UV spectrophotometric analysis has emerged as a promising alternative to the traditional potassium dichromate method for determining Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in landfill leachate. The conventional approach, while reliable, is time-consuming, requires large amounts of reagents, and involves toxic substances like mercury sulfate, which can lead to secondary pollution. In contrast, ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry offers a faster, more efficient, and environmentally friendly solution.
Landfill leachate typically contains high concentrations of organic matter, with COD values reaching up to 80,000 mg/L. Its complex composition, including color and suspended solids, makes it highly polluting if not properly treated. Therefore, accurate and rapid determination of COD is essential for assessing the effectiveness of leachate treatment processes.
UV spectrophotometry operates in the wavelength range of 200–400 nm and is particularly effective for analyzing compounds with conjugated systems or unsaturated bonds—common features in landfill leachate. By measuring UV absorbance at specific wavelengths, such as 254 nm (UV254), we can estimate COD without the need for extensive sample preparation or chemical reagents.
In this study, leachate samples were collected directly from a regulation tank without filtration. Absorbance was measured using a UV-1200 spectrophotometer at 254 nm, while COD was also determined using the standard potassium dichromate method. A strong linear relationship was observed between UV254 absorbance and COD values, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.9984. The regression equation was found to be:
**COD = 317.87 × UV254 - 67.99**
Additionally, the difference between UV254 and UV365 (ΔUV) was investigated as an alternative parameter. The results showed a high correlation (r = 0.9962) between ΔUV and COD, with the equation:
**COD = 3158.25 × ΔUV - 280.21**
Both methods demonstrated significant linear relationships within the tested range of 0–250 mg/L. However, UV254 was found to be more practical due to its ease of measurement and higher precision compared to ΔUV.
Key advantages of UV spectrophotometry include:
- No need for pretreatment of water samples
- Reduced use of chemicals
- Faster and simpler procedure
- Lower cost and environmental impact
This technique is especially suitable for batch analysis and real-time monitoring of landfill leachate. As the demand for sustainable and efficient analytical methods grows, UV spectrophotometry is becoming a valuable tool in environmental monitoring and wastewater treatment.
Keywords: UV spectrophotometry; landfill leachate; COD; UV-1200; UV254; ΔUV
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