Discussion on Application of Virtual Reality Technology in Oilfield Training
1. introduction
The development of China's oil industry is inseparable from the on-site geological conditions, and is full of crises and challenges. The requirements for employees' abilities and safety awareness are very high. The traditional on-site training has certain limitations. For example, the effectiveness of vocational training mainly depends on the level of teachers. There is no clear and unified evaluation standard in the training process, and the targeted is poor. Reusability, etc. It can be seen that the traditional training technology is not only limited by time and space, but also has great problems in human resources, resources, funding, organization and implementation. Especially for the advanced training for dangerous operations or without experimental conditions, the traditional training method is even more difficult to achieve. The limitations of the traditional training model restrict the quality and efficiency of training that people expect, and cannot meet the needs of modern society.
The drilling simulator adopts the concept of virtual manufacturing technology, the development process is based on modern computer control technology, computer simulation technology, computer graphics technology, computer network technology, and combined with the actual technology of drilling engineering, the original drilling training method is changed. It provides users with operational simulation of operations such as drilling, drilling, well control and drilling accidents and handling of complex situations. It is mainly used for operation training and safety training of drilling drillers and drilling technicians, as well as training assessment for trainees A teacher scoring system is provided to solve technical problems that cannot be objectively solved in the traditional training process. As a new training system developed for the specific conditions of the oil field, the drilling simulator has a positive significance.
2. Virtual training based on virtual reality technology
The equipment is a control-centered VM equipment, mainly used for training drilling personnel. This set of virtual training equipment uses virtual reality technology to simulate the details of the drilling process. Students can directly observe the activities and operation results on the drilling platform through the operation of the simulated rig equipment, and finally achieve the effect of letting the trainers master the correct operation process. Virtual training has the following characteristics:
2.1 Simulation
With the support of virtual reality technology, the virtual training facility has the same function as the real training facility, and the operation method is also the same. It is as convenient for trainees to train skills through the virtual training facility as in the real training base. This is because both the virtual training environment and the virtual environment are virtual but realistic. The ideal virtual environment should be such that it is difficult for trainees to distinguish between true and false.
2.2 Openness
The virtual training environment can provide various training places for all trainees at any time and place. In fact, the connotation of the virtual training environment is extensive. It is different from the traditional concept of a training base. It has an environment that can be similar to traditional training projects, but it is better at putting the students in the realistic environment of the training project. All trainees can learn or train a certain kind of virtual environment through the operation of related appliances, and all belong to the virtual training environment.
2.3 Time-out
The virtual training environment has the characteristics of time and space. It can present or organically combine objects and events in the past world, present world, future world, micro world, macro world, objective world, subjective world fantasy world, etc., and Provide training to students anytime, anywhere.
2.4 operability
Trainees can use special equipment to use human natural skills to manipulate objects in the virtual environment, just like in the real world.
2.5 Correspondence
The training content of the trainees closely corresponds to the virtual environment. For example, if students want to learn the flying skills of an aircraft, then the virtual environment is the simulated environment of the aircraft flying. Correspondence will be able to set various complex situations for the trainee to improve the trainee's resilience, so that they can handle various situations easily in the actual environment. In addition, virtual reality technology can carry out personalized education and training according to each student's foundation and ability.
3. Analysis and Design of Drilling Simulator Visual Simulation System
Computer graphics is the science of studying the computer display of real scenes, and it is also the means and method of using computers to process the pictures that humans can see. Visual simulation technology is a three-dimensional model dynamic display technology based on computer graphics theory. The basic principle is: real-time calculation and realization of the scene according to the observation point and observation direction, and real-time interaction with the movement of objects in a three-dimensional complex environment Control and produce good animation effects. Realizing the real-time dynamic display of the three-dimensional model view requires computer hardware with high-speed computing capabilities and strong three-dimensional graphics processing functions; on the other hand, it requires development in algorithms and software to achieve better on the hardware platform Real-time dynamic display effect. The visual simulation system is an important part of the drilling simulator, which provides users with a three-dimensional realistic visual environment.
3.1 Analysis of the visual simulation system of the drilling simulator
The drilling simulator needs to simulate the wellsite environment and operation results during the virtual training process, which requires the visual simulation system to simulate the changes in the wellsite environment and the driller and well control operations in real time according to the operation process of the drill simulator driller console Impact on the drilling process. In the actual driller and well control process, operation errors and changes in the geological environment are the causes of accidents. The drilling simulator visual simulation system also simulates the process of accident occurrence and accident elimination. Real-time display of data during drilling and calculation of parameters. According to the specific behavior of the driller's rig operation, the process of equipment movement is simulated according to the physical model and mathematical model, making the three-dimensional animation process of the drilling simulator visual simulation system closer to reality.
The drilling simulator visual simulation system requires real-time dynamic simulation of wellsite equipment, natural environment, and downhole conditions, so that trainers can learn theoretical knowledge more effectively and intuitively in addition to operating knowledge during the training process. The combination of hardware facilities and three-dimensional graphics software realizes a virtual simulation system. Trainers can use this virtual training equipment to complete the professional knowledge and practical operation technology required by all drilling workers.
3.2 Composition of real-time scene system
According to the needs of the drilling simulator visual simulation system, the development process is on the Windows xP platform. The modeling part uses 3D MAX to complete the mechanical component simulation. The model management is completed by 3D Explorer and the model data file is converted and exported. The program controls the model by C ++ Builder6.0, and the entire development process is based on OpenGL2.0.
The real-time scene composition of the drilling simulator visual simulation system includes the following parts: three-dimensional graphical solid model, drilling simulator visual simulation system control program, and rendering effects written by GLSL.
Among the entire components, the most important is the control program of the drilling simulator visual simulation system. The following tasks are completed in the program: scene initialization, process animation control, communication with the host computer, parameter display, collision processing and special effect rendering.
Scenario initialization: Due to the complexity of the drilling process and the operability of virtual training, the current scenario of each operation is different. Before a new operation starts, the graphics program initializes the current scene after receiving the operation command issued by the control machine, for example: the current number, status and position of each operating component on the drilling platform.
Process animation control: In the process of completing the specified process operations, each action made by the driller's console will be converted into a digital signal and passed to the main control machine, and then the main control machine sends the protocol data to the graphics program, and the graphics program gets After the parameters, make a specific response. On the graphics machine, it reflects the motion parameters, specific actions, and view selection of various control systems on the drill floor (including upper angle of view, downhole angle of view, blowout preventer angle of view, multi-view display, etc.), etc.
Communication with the host computer and parameter display: the design of the host computer is mainly determined by the needs of the drilling simulator design. Since this set of instruments is mainly used for virtual training, there is a relationship between teachers and students in teaching and learning, the host computer can Provide an education platform for teachers, provide functions such as job scheduling, control, scoring, etc. At the same time, transfer various data sent from the driller's console, and send the data related to the operation to the graphics machine, that is, the drilling simulator In the visual simulation system, the two parties communicate, pass parameters and perform data processing, and display the parameter values ​​that the operator needs to know during the operation on the screen.
Collision processing: In the process of 3D graphics motion simulation, it is not allowed to "pass through the wall". Therefore, collision detection should be performed on moving objects. In order to follow the realism of the model movement, the drilling simulator visual simulation system of course also includes collision detection and processing.
Rendering special effects: to achieve the simulation of flames, bubbles, liquid spray effects, use GLSL to achieve movie-level lighting effects, you can simulate day, night, searchlights and other lighting modes, greatly improving the graphics effect and realism.
3.3 Visual simulation system design of drilling simulator
A system with superior performance and complete functions requires detailed design planning at the design stage. In this way, high-quality software projects can be completed in the later development process. The design of the drilling simulator visual simulation system follows the object-oriented principle, and has outstanding performance in terms of system stability, scalability, and compatibility.
3.4 System characteristics and design goals
The drilling simulator visual simulation system requires the following features:
1) High-quality graphics can be generated to realize real-time controllable animation.
2) The generation of graphics is fast and stable, and the requirements for graphics hardware are not high. At present, the system configuration is NVIDA6800, and graphics cards above NVIDA6 series can achieve high-quality graphics animation.
3) Provide users with multi-angle and multi-view working windows, which is convenient for users to locate and observe. In the operation process, they can not only observe the entire scene, but also concentrate on the work process of important components under technological operations.
4) The model is meticulous and realistic. The macro model and micro model are modeled separately through software and procedures, and the degree of realism is high.
After analyzing the system characteristics of the drilling simulator visual simulation system, set the system to achieve the following goals:
Scalability: For the addition of new models, new devices, and new processes, it is convenient and fast, and the expansion of the system can be completed in a short time.
Compatibility: The system can be used on Windows2000 / XP platform, compatible with various graphics acceleration hardware.
Agility: graphics are generated quickly and stably, and general graphics acceleration hardware can be full
Meet the requirements; the system should achieve the effect of quick response and sensitive operation.
3.5 Object-oriented system design
The design of the drilling simulator graphics system is based on object-oriented, the system is large in scale and complex in design. Because there are many objects involved in the drilling process, and each object has different characteristics in different aspects, so before designing, the design criteria should be determined. As far as this system is concerned, what concerns here is how to show the technological process with objects. All kinds of design should be carried out around the animation function of the objects.
In the drilling process, objects such as hooks and drill rods are the carriers of system animation, and have their own methods and attributes. Therefore, they can be encapsulated into classes. According to the idea of ​​designing the class around the motion function of the object, the hydraulic pliers and the pistons of the hydraulic pliers, the main body of the elevator and the loose-leaf are designed into different categories, so that the design can not only make the animation more realistic, but also increase the flexibility of the system .
4. in conclusion
Drilling simulators have a positive significance for safe, effective and high-quality training in oil fields. It can meet the ever-changing requirements of skill training in the information age and is an emerging flexible training model with high level, high efficiency and low cost. The drilling simulator visual simulation system, as the graphical part of the drilling simulator, truly shows the three-dimensional environment and operation process of the well site, which is of great significance for the entire virtual training process. This article focuses on the development and optimization of the drilling simulator visual simulation system, analyzes the key technologies in the development process, and solves the practical problems in the system development.
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