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**Classification of Gas Adsorption Isotherms**
When the temperature, pressure, and interaction between the gas (adsorbate) and the solid surface (adsorbent) are kept constant, the amount of adsorption on that surface will also remain constant. However, the amount of gas that can be adsorbed by a solid surface depends on several factors, including temperature, pressure, and the affinity or energy between the gas and the surface.
To study this phenomenon, we can measure the amount of adsorption per unit weight of the adsorbent at equilibrium conditions for a specific temperature. The resulting graph, which plots the amount of adsorption against pressure at a constant temperature, is known as an **adsorption isotherm**. This curve provides essential information about the adsorption behavior at a particular gas-solid interface.
At a given temperature, only a specific quantity of gas can be adsorbed onto the solid surface, depending on the pressure of the adsorbate. By measuring the adsorption levels across a range of relative pressures, we can construct the adsorption isotherm. These isotherms serve as fundamental data for understanding adsorption processes and characterizing the surface and pore structure of solids.
Adsorption isotherms are crucial for analyzing surface properties, such as specific surface area and pore size distribution. There are six main types of adsorption isotherms (see Figure 1). The first five have been classified and named, while the sixth type was introduced more recently. The shape of the isotherm is closely related to the size and number of pores in the material.
Understanding these isotherms helps scientists and engineers design better adsorbents for applications like gas storage, purification, and catalysis. Each type of isotherm reflects different interactions between the gas and the solid surface, offering insights into the material’s physical and chemical characteristics.
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