Infrared thermal imaging instrument
According to the characteristics of objects that can emit infrared rays, various countries compete to develop various infrared thermal imaging instruments.
Texas Instruments (TI) first developed the first generation of thermal infrared imaging devices in 1964, called infrared forward-looking systems (FLIR). These devices use optical components to move machinery to image the thermal radiation of the target Decompose the scan, and then use photodetectors to convert light to electricity, and finally form a video image signal, and display it on the screen. The infrared forward-looking system is still an important device on military aircraft, ships and tanks.
In the mid-1960s, the Swedish AGA company and the Swedish National Electric Power Bureau developed a thermal infrared imaging device with a temperature measurement function on the basis of an infrared forward-looking device. This second-generation infrared imaging device is often called a thermal imager.
In the 1970s, the French Tom Sun Company developed an infrared thermal TV product that does not require refrigeration.
In the 1990s, there were chilled and uncooled focal plane infrared thermal imaging products. This is a latest generation of infrared TV products, which can be used for large-scale industrial production and improve the application of infrared thermal imaging to a new stage.
In the 1970s, relevant units in China had begun to study infrared thermal imaging technology. By the early 1980s, China had made certain progress in the development and production of long-wave infrared components. By the late 1980s and early 1990s, China had successfully developed real-time infrared imaging prototypes, with high sensitivity and temperature resolution.
Since the 1990s, China has developed key technologies such as low-noise wideband preamplifiers and micro-coolers in infrared imaging equipment, and has moved from experiments to applications, mainly for troops, such as portable field thermal imaging cameras. , Anti-tank missiles, anti-aircraft radar, tanks, warship artillery, etc.
China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in infrared thermal imaging technology, and has formed a considerable scale of research and development. However, in general, it is far behind the world's advanced level, and it is about 10 years behind the West.
At present, foreign countries have begun to equip the troops with the second-generation infrared thermal imager, and began the third-generation research and development work, but China is now only promoting the first-generation infrared imager.
Internationally, the United States, France, and Israel are pioneers in this regard, and other countries, including Russia, are all downstream.
In recent years, under the guidance of the Party ’s policy guidelines, China ’s infrared imaging technology has developed by leaps and bounds, and the gap with the West is gradually narrowing. The advanced nature of some equipment can also be synchronized with the West. I believe that the gap between China and the West will be further reduced. In particular, it can be unique in the application of new technologies.
Infrared thermal imaging products can be divided into two types of refrigeration type and non-refrigeration type. Infrared TV products and non-refrigerated focal plane thermal imagers are non-refrigerated products, and others are cooled infrared thermal imagers.
At present, the most advanced infrared thermal imager has a sensitive temperature of 0.05 degrees Celsius. It can be used to detect enemies in the jungle with infrared instruments no matter day or night. The distance can be up to 100 meters. As a border anti-smuggling, it can also track the smuggling of sea flying. Its distance can be up to several kilometers.
The thermal imager can not only observe the target in real time, but also perform dynamic analysis through the "thermal trace" of its track trajectory, because the thermal dispersion of general objects has a certain time, and the thermal dispersion of some objects requires a lot of time. For example, cooking smoke ignited by the troops and vehicles that have been launched can leave "hot marks".
The first-generation thermal imager is mainly composed of optical instruments with scanning devices, electronic amplifying circuits, displays and other components. It has successfully equipped troops and made important contributions to ground observation, aerial reconnaissance, and surface insurance at night.
The second-generation thermal imager mainly uses focal plane array technology, integrates tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of signal amplifiers, places the chip on the focal plane of the optical system, and obtains a panoramic image of the target without light-machine scanning system, Greatly improve the sensitivity and thermal resolution, can further improve the detection distance and recognition ability of the target.
The third-generation thermal imager is also under development.
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